Hamlet Film Response Essay examples - 1227 Words

Hamlet, one of the most intricate and influential plays by Shakespeare, debatably of all time. It has inspired not only appreciative readers and writing critiques but continuous generations of people. The inspiration led to the fabrication of many great movies, which wasn’t achievable until the 20th century. Before cinema was the prevalent method of sharing appreciation and spilling emotion for a specific subject, art portrayed what would fly through our minds such as the many interpretations of Ophelia’s death. With the imagery put into motion we can try and pick apart how certain people might view the play being portrayed and choose what best suits our expectation of this tragedy. Other things that only film has been able to present to†¦show more content†¦The film that surpassed all my expectations and gave me exactly what I wanted to see was Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet. The way I would picture King Hamlets great castle of Denmark came up exactly the wa y I thought it would. The 1800’s setting presented in this film gave it more of a professional feel to it and I loved the vibrant colours throughout the movie. So even though the play is suppose to give off a gloomy atmosphere, dealing with the concept of suicide, the vibrancy of every scene would grab your attention away from the themes for a few seconds. It lets you take in the beautiful scenery and how the play should’ve been set up if it did take place in the real world. Scenes such as the burial of Ophelia, where the imagery and setting change from the graveyard to Hamlets old memories of Yorick, the contrasts between such vibrant scenes and darker ones mix and interlace beautifully. This is something that neither Zeffirelli nor Almereyda were able to accomplish in their films. In Zaferelli’s Hamlet the imagery presented throughout was not more than what the settings it could not portray. It didn’t properly grasp more than the generic medieval atmosp here. It would’ve been a lot more successful to include more clips of what life would’ve been like for Hamlet and the people of Denmark. In Almereyda’s version it wasn’t really his fault for not presenting more imagery of the play because it was set in modern times, and we have seen countless movies and clips ofShow MoreRelatedAct I, Scene II928 Words   |  4 PagesAct I, Scene II, Original Text Act I, Scene II introduces Prince Hamlet, his mother Queen Gertrude, and his uncle Claudius. Due to the recent death of King Hamlet there have been two notable changes in the kingdom. First, Claudius is the new King of Denmark. Act I, Scene II begins with King Claudius expressing appreciation for the support he is receiving from his court and subjects. The second change is that Claudius has married Queen Gertrude. Claudius presents the immediate marriage as aRead MoreKenneth Branagh s Hamlet ( 1996 )975 Words   |  4 Pages Kenneth Branagh s Hamlet (1996) is the most complete retelling of William Shakespeare s Hamlet. In four hours, Branagh details the complicated relationships and mental anguish of the royalty of Denmark as they navigate the murder of the king of Denmark, notably Hamlet, the heir to the throne of Denmark. As Hamlet has been tackled by many actors and filmmakers over centuries, there is no one true way to perform Hamlet. Nor has Hamlet been approached such as Branagh has, creating a screenplay usingRead More Comparative Analysis Of The Ghost In Two Hamlet Movies Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesComparative Analysis Of The Ghost In Two Hamlet Movies The play â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark†, by William Shakespeare being of such a complicated variety of themes, contains many different story lines as well as being very extensive in nature makes it quite a challenge to be produced and acted. On paper, the reader can translate things, as they like. Since Shakespeare is not around to tell us the meaning of every theme or the truth about every nook and cranny about his works. It is up to theRead MoreHamlet Film Vs Film Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesproductions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, some of which remain true to the text while others take greater liberties with the original format. Director Kenneth Branagh’s 1996 production of Hamlet was true to Shakespeare’s work in that the film’s dialogue was delivered word or word as it is presented in the text. In contrast, Franco Zeffirelli conducted his 1990 production of Hamlet in a much more liberal direction in which lines, scenes and characters were om itted from the film. I argue that from the perspectiveRead MoreHamlet Critical Analysis Of Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 Pagesplay, Hamlet, has been interpreted and converted into a film numerous times by different directors, Kenneth Branagh’s adaptation particularly captured the essence of Hamlet and helped the audience truly understand the events that transpired in Act Three Scene Two of Hamlet. It is in this act, Hamlet plan to reveal King Claudius’ treachery is played out. Hamlet exposes the king through adding an extra sixteen lines to the play which depicts him killing Hamlet’s father. With the directions Hamlet gaveRead MoreKenneth Branaghs Hamlet1093 Words   |  5 Pagesadaptation of Hamlet is a great way to enjoy the popular Shakespeare play. While I found the film to be quite lengthy, I thoroughly enjoyed seeing a film version of the story I only knew a little bit about from reading an excerpt of Hamlet in high school. I think Kenneth Branagh did an excellent job in making the screen play into a movie. Everything in every scene couldn’t have been done more perfectly. Better yet is the cast, with actors like Kenneth Branagh himself, as Hamlet, Kate Winslet asRead MoreHSC English Advanced Course Module B: Critical Study of Texts1532 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam, Hamlet, New Cambridge Shakespeare, Cambridge University Press, 2003; or Cambridge School Shakespeare, 2006) Duration: 8 weeks Syllabus Outcome: H1: A student explains and evaluates the effects of different contexts of responders and composers on texts. H2A: A student recognises different ways in which particular texts are valued. H4: A student explains and analyses the ways in which language forms and features, and structures of texts shape meaning and influence responses. H6: A studentRead MoreLooking For Richard A Film By Al Pacino1251 Words   |  6 PagesRichard A Film by Al Pacino: Viewer’s Guide and Lesson Plan Activity 1 Part A. Before viewing Al Pacino’s film Looking for Richard, take some time to measure your attitudes and those of your friends and family about Shakespeare. For your own answers, use Column A below. Enter number 1 if you strongly agree with the statement, 2 if you agree somewhat, 3 if you disagree somewhat, and 4 if you strongly disagree. Then ask two family members or friends what they think and record their responses in ColumnsRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Film Hamlets Antic Disposition Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Hamlet s antic disposition In the film†Hamlets antic disposition† the author Alexander W Crawford, describe hamlet as mad, but a close reveal of the play shows that Hamlet is straightforward and sane. His actions and thoughts are a logical response to the situation in which he finds himself. However, he assumes antic-disposition to undercover the truth of his father s death. After the Ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius has murdered his father, Hamlet begins to plan his next steps.Read MoreHamlet, By Alexander W Crawford Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pages In the film†Hamlets antic disposition† the author Alexander W Crawford, describe hamlet as mad, but a close reveal of the play shows that Hamlet is straightforward and sane. His actions and thoughts are a logical response to the situation in which he finds himself. However, he assumes antic-disposition to undercover the truth of his father s death. After the Ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius has murdered his father, Hamlet begins to plan hi s next steps. After all, revenge is a dish best served cold

Analysis Of The Movie Paris Is Burning - 1244 Words

Profiling has always been in our society, in the United States and all around the world. Some based more on racial characteristics and sexual orientation, rather than social status and intellectual abilities. During the past years, it has become more than frequent the cases of police brutality, in most occasions where cops end up abusing their authority and force by hurting and murdering Africa American civilians by the simple assumption that because their skin is dark they represent a threat and have no good intentions. These occurrences seem like won’t have a stop until the people making these mistakes end up with repercussions for their actions. Also, another flaw in our society are stereotypes that people use judging people by ethnicity and how they look , and as much as we try to act as if these things don’t exist or are rarely happening, it is something that we cannot hide and take part of our lives on a daily basis. The movie â€Å"Paris is Burning† is a g ood foundation to this argument because the characters face many adversities for considering themselves of a different gender, and being constantly put down and told that they’re not something that they feel like they really are. This is what the term â€Å"double consciousness† by W.E.B Dubois means, how people throughout history born in the United States into a non-white family with every right as any other American, feels like a complete stranger oppressed by others because they don’t get the same equality and treatment asShow MoreRelated The Political Performance of Motherhood: Las Madres de Plaza de Mayo3446 Words   |  14 PagesPortillo and Muà ±ozs documentary, the Madres march in the streets in their trademark white kerchiefs. But that is not the only visually homogenizing factor present in the hundreds of women, from all socio-economic backgrounds, that are shown in the movie. Most wear conservative skirts and hold large handbags; many wear eyeglasse s. The result is striking: the Madres look old, frail, and powerless. According to Taylor, this uniform forms part of the carefully constructed image of the Madres. TheseRead MoreReliable Historical Sources Essay2754 Words   |  12 Pagesinformation were taken is factual as well as reliable. It is not acceptable if it contains errors and flaws or mixing the truth with some fictions. This essay will investigate and evaluate a piece of historical evidence, the Hollywood movie The Patriot starred by Mel Gibson and Heath Ledger in order to determine whether or not it is reliable and could be used to determine the events that really had happened during the American fight for Revolution. A way to determineRead More The New Yorker Magazine Essay2943 Words   |  12 Pages The New Yorker COVER ANALYSIS †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;July, 1966 – The cover of the July 2nd, 1966 edition of The New Yorker includes artwork by Michael Getz. Displaying a show of patriotism, Getz uses the entire portion of the cover to present an illustration of an American flag hanging from the front of a typical upper-middle class designed home. However, other than the title of the magazine and the drawing itself, the only other printed words contained on the cover are the date of theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2631 Words   |  11 PagesGreat Gatsby is considered to be one of the greatest novels of all time. The majority of high school students read The Great Gatsby during their junior or senior years, and some schools even have the students watch the movie in class. The novel is overall very useful for critical analysis and reflection assignments. A four word summary of the book could describe it as a huge love circle, but that’s really a poor description of the mea ning behind the literary work. A memorial for this piece of work wouldRead MoreEssay about This Is How Nike Became Famous9634 Words   |  39 Pagesand Entertainment World would be dedicated purely to shopping, entertainment and dinning facilities. Downtown The smallest of the six parks at six million square feet, Downtown would offer a mix of dining options and entertainment choices such as movie theaters, bowling alleys, game centers, nightclubs and even street performances, operational day and night to encourage Dubai visitors to spend more than one day on the premises. Magic in the Making Only days after the October 21, 2003 announcementRead MoreTranslation of Newspapers. Problems of British-American Press Headlines Translation15808 Words   |  64 Pagesheadlines belonging to newspaper style and devoted to the study of lexical, grammatical, stylistic peculiarities and the use of knowledge obtained from practical and stylistic difficulties of translations of newspaper texts. Our research includes the analysis of the newspaper articles extracted from â€Å"Daily Nation†, â€Å"London Evening Standard†, â€Å"International Herald Tribune†, â€Å"The Times† and â€Å"National geographic† magazine. The aim of Research defined the following tasks: 1. to state the peculiarity ofRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagestw/members/Ho/study/2002fall_praticalenglish/st2002f_praticalenglish_1025j.htm Environmental Studies Two scenes stand out in my mind from my visit to Brazil‘s Wetland: Forests burning before seed planting and trees as hedgerows. Before the planting season, I could see the leafless remnants of burnt trees still standing. The burning of pristine forests destroys both the habitats and countless species which depend on and thrive in these habitats. The few remaining bare, scarred trees silently convey theRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pageswomen by stoning them in public, burning them alive, burning them with acid, circumcising them, etc. The declaration paints a rather sad picture of the officials that administer the town and highlights not only their rather insular outlook but a world view of others based on crass and frankly incorrect stereotypes. To simply consider that anyone from another country (in this case more than likely a Middle Eastern or Asian one) regards the stoning of women and burning them alive as part of daily lifeRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/FordRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesConnections to a wider spectrum of professionals ( greater insight into issue at hand †¢ E.g. 2008 U.S. Presidential Elections (bloggers provide personal opinions about who was likely to win but New York Times invited experts to do a state-by-state analysis presenting results in a full-page spread, culminating in a detailed map showing states Democrats were likely to win) †¢ Anonymity: given free rein to publish any thought that comes to mind †¢ E.g. For every worthwhile video present on the site

The Debate Over Stem Cells - 1144 Words

According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, ethical is defined as â€Å"pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality.† Whereas, unethical is defined as â€Å"lacking moral principles or unwilling to adhere to proper rules of conduct† (Dictionary). The topic of ethicality is often hotly debated in all aspects of society. As medicine and science begin to rapidly advance each day, the use of stem cells, in regards to research, is becoming extraordinarily prevalent. I believe that the use of stem cells is unethical to a certain extent. Stem cells are cells that are able to renew themselves as well as the ability to generate specialized cells. Scientists refer to these tiny, magnificent cells as stem cells because many different types of cells can stem from them. Stem cells have the ability to develop into other cell types that mature into cells that have specialized functions. For example, stem cells can progress into heart, skin, or nerve cells (Kelly 4). The two main stem cells used in research are embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cells†). Embryonic stem cells are taken from human blastocysts, which is a very early human embryo (â€Å"Stem Cells†). At this stage, the blastocyst has only been fertilized for five to ten days and consists of just one hundred to two hundred cells (Boston Children s Hospital). A common misconception regarding the derivation of embryonic stem cells is that they are derived from eggs fertilized in the woman’s bodyShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Stem Cells2008 Words   |  9 PagesHave you ever wondered what stem cells are and why they are important? Have you heard that stem cells are controversial but do not know why? Scientists have been studying stem cells and their ability to regenerate tissues in the body for years. Having the body regenerate itself is not as crazy as it once sounded. Stem cells are very small, immature cells in the human body that are capable of becoming many types of cells. Researchers have been able to find different applications in treating theRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cells1159 Words   |  5 Pagesdiabetes? These are just a few examples of the diseases that stem cells can treat. A stem cell is a cell that has the potential to mutate into many different types of cells in the body. Ever since stem cells were discovered, they have gained popularity and started to spark interest in scientists all across the world. Today there is a vigorous battle on the ethics, legalization, and experimentation of stem cells. Although stem cells are still being highly debated, they can open new doors in theRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research936 Words   |  4 PagesStem cell research is full of controversy with a million different opinions on each side of the argument. In this essay, the â€Å"pro† side will be viewed and discussed. The background, the pros, the experiments and other information will be deliberated. Hopefully by the end of the composition, one will understand the benefits of stem cell research. In the early 1900s, Alexander A. Maximow was the first to actually use the term â€Å"stem cell† when he discovered the cell. He was a Russian-American physicianRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cells851 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Over 100 million Americans suffer from diseases that eventually may be treated more effectively or even cured with embryonic stem cell therapy. Some researchers regard this as the greatest potential for the alleviation of human suffering since the advent of antibiotics† (White). However, not everybody agrees with this. While embryonic stem cells offer much hope for medical advancement because of their ability to grow into almost any kind of cell, the moral debate of the destruction of an embryoRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1027 Words   |  5 PagesStem cell research is the study of basic cells that are grown in laboratories where tests are made to determine the essential properties of the cells. Over the past few decades , stem cell research has become a popular scientific debate and controversy. Stem cell research is still considered to be relatively new technology that is responsible for taking human cells and developing them into 220 different cells in the human body. Stem cell research has the potential to help disease research and managementRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1196 Words   |  5 Pagesa major controversy over the topic of stem cell research. It seems to be that the main controversy when it comes to the topic of stem cell research is an ethical debate, and because of this it seems that the side opposing stem cell research always wins due to their use of pathos when it comes to their argument. I personally do not side with those against the idea of stem cell research because I believe that the pros outweigh the cons when you break it down this way. Stem cell research could be theRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cells And Cloning1398 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Stem cells and cloning are very controversial today. There are debates and arguments about it all over the internet. The idea of stem cells is to use them to help cure and prevent diseases. You can use embryonic and adult stem cells. That’s one of the reasons people argue about it, because it kills the potential life of the embryo. [Stem Cells and Cloning] Stem cells and cloning is very controversial in today s society. Some people believe it’s not a good idea because it destroysRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cell Research1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe stem cell controversy has been going on for many years. The two basic controversies surrounding stem cell research is whether or not it is morally justifiable, and if stem cells will ever live up to the medical promises. Most of these controversies concern embryonic stem cells more than any other stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are unspecialized, but have the ability to divide and make specialized cells like muscles, nerves, and skin cells. These cells are found in the early stage of human developmentRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryo nic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this questionRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1543 Words   |  7 PagesWhile embryonic stem cell research has been ongoing for more than 30 years, it has only become a controversial topic over the past decade. The embryonic stem cell was first isolated in 1981 by two scientists at the University of Cambridge. However, it wasn’t until 1998 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where the first batch of embryonic stem cells were created in a test tube. In 2001, President George W. Bush approved the use of federal funding for research on this topic, following this action

Policies For Breaking The Cycle Of Poverty - 1114 Words

In this unit we looked at different policies for breaking the cycle of poverty and lifting people out of it. This cycle is isn’t impossible to break but it can seem like it to the people inside. Growing up in poverty raises the chance for a child to stay under the poverty line when they group. While there are obviously policies to help break the cycle, this is obviously still a big enough problem to millions of Americans. The inability to break this cycle creates a large barrier to people in poverty to escape. Nobody really wants poverty to continue, but at some level there needs to be separate economic classes in our society. The problem with the system now is that people don’t really have equal opportunity to move between these classes. The rich tend to stay rich and the poor tend to stay poor. This combined with the increasing gap between the poor and rich is making escaping the cycle of poverty even harder. This lack of mobility is what creates the inequality of opp ortunity. So if no one wants poverty to exist, why is there not a stronger push to end it or improve the conditions? The readings made clear that the problem isn t in the effort, the problem is in THE approach taken. Currently, our collective belief about welfare is that it is only to be given to those who â€Å"deserve† it. This is the approach taken by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. This created stipulations requiring recipients to be employed in order toShow MoreRelatedAn Imbalance Between Rich And Poor Is The Oldest And Most Fatal Ailment Of All Republics1524 Words   |  7 Pageschildren growing up in poverty. Children that live in poverty are more likely to be absent from school and have a higher dropout rate than those who come from families with higher incomes. Children that live beneath the poverty line are more likely to have learning disabilities, developmental delays, and behavioral problems. These are just a few dis advantages of the hundreds that children living in poverty deal with on a day to day basis. There are ways to help these children in poverty, that is the extensionRead MoreThe Culture Of Poverty : Inaccessibility Of Healthcare993 Words   |  4 PagesThe Culture of Poverty: Inaccessibility of Healthcare in Underprivileged Populations Introduction The lack of access to basic healthcare services in poor populations is controversial because healthcare is now being viewed as a basic right. The culture of poverty theory is cyclical because the absence of resources inhibits individuals from breaking free from this phase. This culture is seen in both urban and rural populations because of the continuous cycle of poverty. The inefficiency of the publicRead MoreRacism And Poverty : South Africa1640 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica has faced significant issues with racism and poverty. From the times of colonialism, to the era of apartheid, South Africans have been segregated in discriminatory contexts that have left a large proportion of the population living in desperate conditions. This segregation by race and socioeconomic status still exists today and is extremely prevalent in modern South African society. Townships that are prone to violence and extreme poverty surround every major city in this country. Within theseRead MoreWelfare P olicy845 Words   |  4 Pagesin Chicago, Illinois are living in deep poverty (Emmanuel, 2015). Despite its high poverty rates, welfare in Chicago has always been small by any measure. At its peak in the 1990s, only 5 million families received assistance, averaging less than $400 a family (Piven, 2002). Frances Fox Piven believes that â€Å"changes in welfare were related to shifts that were occurring in a range of American social policies† (Piven, 2002). In July 1996, current welfare policies were replaced with Temporary AssistanceRead MorePoverty Is A Social Problem957 Words   |  4 PagesStates is the wealthiest nation in the world, but yet poverty remains prevalent. Childhood poverty affects every aspect of their life. â€Å"Poverty is not having income for basic needs, food, medical care or basic needs and housing† (Crosson-Tower, 2014, p. 59). Poverty is affecting thousands of Americans every day, and it isn t sparing anyone of a particular race, age or gende r, leaving people on welfare, and without homes, or transportation. Poverty is a crisis that deserves attention from everyone,Read MoreNotes On The And Vicious Circle1206 Words   |  5 Pagesresults, a vicious circle has negative results.) For a virtuous circle, Great Britain was an important example. The rule of law became possible after the Glorious Revolution. It was a cycle that Rule of law support pluralistic political institution, in return pluralistic political institutions support pluralism. It is this cycle that supported the economic institutions during the early eighteen centuries where the rule of law made the investment possible. When investors find a place that they can securelyRead MoreThis week’s readings investigate the rise of Islamic opposition and civic society groups in Egypt,1000 Words   |  4 Pagesby Israel (Wickham, 32). The graduate-appointment policy initiated by Nasser, which guaranteed a job in the public service for each university graduate, and was maintained under the successive regimes, failed to fulfill its commitments, due to the influx of graduates seeking employment beyond the state’s capacity (Wickham, 42). Mubarak’s regime first continued this policy (Wickham, 42), but later decided to reduce the benefits of this policy, and as a result became unable to co-opt the educatedRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Inequality1576 Words   |  7 Pagesand political representation of women in the region (Bentley, 2004). Within South Africa there is a significant gap in the lack of opportunity and representation of women within the economic and political sphere, which directly correlates to their poverty. Often times the universal equality and importance of all members of society is not often respected, this is evident in the histories and devastations of apartheid in South Africa, but also in the unequal division of men and women in the region. IfRead MoreSociology : The Social Problem Of Poverty1251 Words   |  6 Pagessociological imagination to examine the social problem of poverty by looking at the social forces that are relevant to the problem. Poverty is a social problem rather than an individual problem because it is a deeply embedded social issue that permeates every aspect of culture and society. It involves sustained low levels of income for people in a community, and includes a lack of important resources like education and health care. Poverty is a large cause of social tension and div ide in America becauseRead MorePoverty, Equity, Human Rights, And Health1390 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished cycle of poverty, equity, human rights, and health with an overview of the links between them; the history of past global efforts; and five recommendations to the health sector to focus its resources to gain maximum impact. Their paper stands on the shoulders of well-established research and theory. It is well established that there is a link between poverty and poor health, including decreased morbidity and mortality (Irwin Scali, 2007; Wagstaff, 2002). Likewise, that the cycle of the determinants

Australian Economy and Their GDP - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Compare Australia with any other economy and discuss their GDP last 3 to 5 years and factors affecting their GDP. Answer: Introduction The main aim of essay is to compare the Australia with other developing countries and discuss their GDP in last 3 to 5 years. The author also discusses the factors affecting their GDP or Gross Domestic Product. The economy of Australia is one of the largest mixed market economies in the world. The Australian economy is mostly dominated by service sector that comprises sixty eight percent of total gross domestic product. The economic growth of the country largely depends on the mining and the agricultural sector. The country is under progressive growth without even facing a single recession in the past twenty five years. The country is abundant in its natural resources and the entrepreneurial skill is also very efficient. As per the World Bank data the economic growth is at 3.0 %. The inflation rate is at 1.3 percent and the unemployment rate is at 5.7 percent. The total wealth of Australia accounts for 6.4 trillion Australian dollar. In 2012 Australia was the twelfth largest national economy in terms of nominal GDP. It is 19th largest exporter and 19th largest importer in world. The Reserve Bank of Australia is responsible for publishing the quarterly report of the economy of Australia (Austrade.gov.au. 2016). GDP is the gross domestic product of the economy that measures the total amount of goods and services produced by the economy at a given time. There are many components that affect the production and consumption of the economy. Gross Domestic Product is the quantitative measure of the nations total economic activity. GDP represents the monetary value of the goods and service produced within a nation over a period of time. It is measured quarterly or yearly. It is the measure of all the final goods and services produced in an economy. GDP growth measures the economic performance of the economy (Borio 2014). Body The author compares Australias GDP growth rate with developing country India to show the differences in the efficiency of the country. The author compares the economic performance of Australia and India. GDP is the sum of the gross value added by all the residents or the producers in an economy. Australia: Table1: Annual GDP growth rate of Australia. Year GDP growth rate in percentage. 2005 3.2 % 2006 3.0 % 2007 3.8 % 2008 3.7 % 2009 1.8 % 2010 2.0 % 2011 2.4 % 2012 3.6 % 2013 2.4 % 2014 2.5 % 2015 2.2 % 2016 3.0 % The above trend shows that the GDP growth rate in Australia is fluctuating in nature. It is highest in the year 2007 and lowest in 2009. The GDP growth rate increased in the year 2016 that shows that the economic performance of the country is increasing. India: Table2: Annual GDP growth rate of India. Year GDP growth rate in percentage. 2005 9.3 % 2006 9.3 % 2007 9.8 % 2008 3.9 % 2009 8.5 % 2010 10.3 % 2011 6.6 % 2012 5.1 % 2013 6.9 % 2014 7.3 % 2015 7.5 % 2016 - The above trend shows that the GDP growth rate India is also fluctuating. It was highest in the year 2010 and lowest in 2008. Currently the GDP growth rate is rising showing that the country is improving. Comparison of Australian and Indian economy in terms of GDP growth rate: YEAR AUSTRALIA GDP GROWTH RATE (%) INDIA GDP GRWTH RATE (%) 2005 3.2 % 9.3 % 2006 3.0 % 9.3 % 2007 3.8 % 9.8 % 2008 3.7 % 3.9 % 2009 1.8 % 8.5 % 2010 2.0 % 10.3 % 2011 2.4 % 6.6 % 2012 3.6 % 5.1 % 2013 2.4 % 6.9 % 2014 2.5 % 7.3 % 2015 2.2 % 7.5 % 2016 3.0 % The above comparison shows the GDP growth rate of India is higher than that of Australia. It means that the economic performance of India is better than Australia in terms of GDP growth rate. The monetary values of the products produced in India are higher than that in Australia. In terms of GDP growth rate India is ranked in 11th position and Australia is in 13Th position. The GDP is calculated without making any deductions of depreciation. It includes the taxes and rules out subsidies. The Australian economy is expected to grow at the rate of 2.9 percent between 2016 and 2020 in terms of annual GDP growth rate. Australia is the worlds 12th largest economies in the world and has 3.3 percent average GDP growth rate per annum in the year 1992 to 2015. The GDP growth rate in India is greater than that it was expected by the government (Scutt 2016). Gross Domestic Product: Gross domestic product or GDP is the monetary values of all the final goods and services that are produced in an economy over given time period. GDP includes private consumption, public consumption, investment by business houses and imports and exports. GDP can be calculated as follows: GDP = C + G + I + NX Here, C represents the private consumption, G represents the government expenditure, I represent the countrys investment and NX represents the net exports of the country that is exports minus the imports. GDP is used to compare the productivity of different countries. There are two types of GDP basically. One is nominal GDP that does not include the inflation rate and the other is the real GDP growth rate that is the rate after it has been corrected for inflation. The best way to measure the growth of the economy and the standard of living is to take into account the real GDP growth rate that shows the purchasing power of the individuals in an economy (Mankiw 2014) The output gap is the difference between the actual GDP and potential GDP and is calculated as Y-Y* where Y is the actual output and Y* is the potential output. If the calculation shows a positive number then it means that the aggregate demand is higher than the aggregate supply that indicates rise in inflation. The percentage of GDP can be measured as actual GDP minus potential GDP divided by potential GDP. A positive out gap indicates high demand and a negative output gap indicates low demand. Demand and supply indicates the level of price and the real GDP. Aggregate supply indicates the relationship between quantity supplied and the price level and the aggregate demand indicates relationship between demand of goods of real GDP and the price. As the price level rise the supply of GDP rises and the demand of output falls (Konchitchki and Patatoukas 2014). Figure: Output gap explained through demand and supply In the above diagram SAS is the short run aggregate supply, LAS is long run aggregate supply, AD is the aggregate demand and E is the equilibrium level. Y indicates the actual output and Y*is the potential GDP. Price level is measured in Y axis and real GDP in X axis. The gap between Y and Y* shows the potential gap. The country will be at equilibrium level when the aggregate demand is equal to aggregate supply in short run. Here the price level will also be at equilibrium. In short run the economy can produce that amount only for which it has demand. But in long run since the firms now have competitive advantage and economies of scale it can produce more than its potential. The output gap arises because the aggregate demand is low while the supply is high (Goodwin et al. 2013). When the aggregate demand in the economy rises then the demand curve shifts to its right. The price level rise and so does the real GDP because the short run supply curve remains unchanged. The wage rate now increases due to rise in the price level. The short run aggregate supply curve shifts to its left that increase the price level but the real GDP falls. In long run the potential gap arises because the long run aggregate supply is fixed and is vertical. The long run aggregate supply curve indicates a full employment level. Here the country is assumed to be unemployment free because the producers utilize all the countries resources to produce the goods. The long run equilibrium will be achieved at a level where short run aggregate supply, aggregate demand and long run aggregate supply curve intersect at one common price level. Here the country operates at equilibrium price level and equilibrium output. The economy is said to achieve full employment as explained in the diagram below (Gandolfo 2013). Figure: Full employment level or sustainable GDP level Stagflation is the condition when the price level rises but the output or the real GDP falls. In such a situation the countries growth is stagnant but the price level is rising. This arises due to fall in the short run aggregate supply and rise in the aggregate demand. The GDP of the country increases with the increase in labor force, capital and improvement in technology. The output gap plays a significant role in policy making and affects the decision of the government (Fraser et al. 2014). Gross domestic product of a country indicates the standard of living of the country. The analysis conducted and data above shoes that the standard of living of people in India is higher than that in Australia. The mode of measuring GDP is common in all the countries so it makes it easy for the comparison of productivity. GDP is used to measure the value added for various goods and services. GDP is expressed in comparison to the previous year. There are three ways or methods to measure GDP. These are income approach, production approach and expenditure approach (Egerer et al. 2016). The production approach estimates the gross value of output added after deducting the value of the intermediate consumption. This is known as the sum of the GDP at factor cost. The second approach to measure GDP is income approach. It is also known as Gross domestic income approach. This method is calculated by taking into account the income that the firms pay to households in form of wages, interest for capital, rent for land and the profits of the entrepreneurs. The GDP is measured after deducting the depreciation cost and indirect taxes. The third approach to calculate GDP is the expenditure approach where the GDP is measured in terms of purchase price of all goods and services except the intermediate goods (Mankiw 2014). There are four components of GDP that are as follows: Personal consumption expenditure- this is the largest component of GDP and greatly affects the countrys output. The example of such spending is expenditure on durable goods by consumers, food, jewelry, or daily basis for consumption. When the personal consumption of the country rise the demand for the goods also increase that shifts the demand curve to its right. The real GDP of the country also rises and so does the price level. It can be shown in the following diagram that how the rise in the consumption increase the demand and the GDP (Goodwin et al. 2013). Investment- Investment is another component of GDP. Examples of investment are buying of new machines used for the production purpose, purchase of software and other products that yield profit. When the investment in an economy rise then the production in an economy also rises that is the money supply increases in the economy. So the output also increases that in turn increases the GDP of the country as shown in the above diagram (Goodwin et al. 2013). Government expenditure- expenses that the government makes on the economy for it development also affects the GDP of the economy. Examples of government expenditure are salary paid to government servants, goods purchased for infrastructure development and military expenses. It does not include transfer payment such as social security and unemployment benefits. Increase in government expenditure increases the real GDP of the economy as the aggregate demand now raises that leads to high production (Goodwin et al. 2013). Net exports- Net exports that are measured as the export minus the import are another component of GDP. When the export of the country rises more goods are produced in an economy. This leads the real GDP of the country to rise. Imports are not included in real GDP because it is already included in the consumption, investment and government expenditure component (Goodwin et al. 2013). The four components of GDP greatly affect the GDP and this in turn affects the growth of the economy. Changes in the components of GDP can be explained by using the demand curve as shown below. Figure: Components of GDP and its affect on real GDP using demand. Factors affecting GDP in Australia There are many factors that affected the GDP growth in Australia. First was the fall in prices of commodities and rise in net exports. In the past ten years the terms of trade in Australia is increasing. The demand for the Australian good in china is increasing that is leading to the rise in the exports of Australias products. The commodity prices of the goods are rising. This leads to the boom in investment which ultimately leads the real GDP to rise. The nominal GDP growth per capita is weak in Australia though the overall GDP growth is rising. The export prices are falling. The export boom is increasing the real GDP of the country (Glynn 2016). Export boom also gives way to investment boom. New industries are starting up leading to increase in demand that is ultimately increasing the GDP growth of the country. The service sector in Australia is the biggest contributor to the GDP growth rate. Mining plays a great role in Australian economy. The export in recent quarter is falling d ue to rise in the export prices. Despite of the fall in the exports the mining has been the biggest contributor to the GDP growth in Australia. The investment in housing is increasing that is leading the GDP to rise. Private investment in Australia increased. The productivity and efficiency of the workers also contribute to the rise in GDP. If the workers are very efficient then the productivity of the firm rises that leads the production to also rise (Scutt 2016).The stock of inventories is rising in Australia that means that the production is rising but the demand is less. The rise in inventories suggests that the producers forecast that they will be able to sell the goods produced in the coming future. Basically there are two factors that affect the GDP growth. These are the demand and the supply factors. The final consumption expenditure in Australia is increasing when compared to previous year. This indicates that GDP growth is also rising. The government spending is also risin g that is leading the Real GDP to also rise. Hence there are many factors that affect the real GDP of the country. GDP shows how well the economy is performing (ABC News. 2016). Factors influencing the GDP growth in India Population growth greatly affects the growth of GDP in India. Human resource and the productivity also affect the GDP growth in the country. If the employees skills and knowledge fall then the GDP of the country also falls and vice versa. In India there is mixed group of people both knowledgeable and illiterate. This greatly affects the GDP as the producers are unable to find the right people for the right job. Physical capital is the machines and the assets that are used to produce more of goods and services. Fall in the investment also leads to fall in Real GDP. Entrepreneurship, human resources and literacy rate also greatly affects and influences the GDP growth of the country. The personal household consumption is stable in India that makes the real GDP growth of the country also stable (Radhakrishna and Panda 2012). The government spending is falling that leads to fall in the GDP growth rate in the country. The export of India in April was the minimum that lead to fall in the GD P in recent times. The Chinese investment in India increased by six times that largely influenced the GDP growth rate in the country. In real terms the growth in the economy grew. The economy of India is growing with many new start ups developing that require large investments. Many factors affect the economic growth of the country and also its GDP (Mishra 2016). Conclusion GDP or the gross domestic product of the country is an essential measure to evaluate the monetary values of all the final goods and services produced in an economy. There are many components that affect the GDP growth of the country. There are many approaches to evaluate the GDP growth of the economy. The GDP growth rate of India is better than that of Australia and it is fluctuating in nature. The major sector that contributes to GDP is the service sector and the mining sector. The GDP growth rate is expected to rise in future in Australia because the government expenditure and the personal household expenditure are continually rising. The export of iron ore is also rising in the country that greatly contributes to the GDP growth rate of the country. The annual growth of the country is rising at 3 percent. The economic performance Australian territory is rising. The demand and the supply greatly affect the GDP growth of the country. The experts advise that the country will grow if t he demand and supply of goods rise at the same rate. The government and the consumers greatly influence the economic activity of a country. References ABC News. (2016).Economic growth jumps but national income falls. Abs.gov.au. (2016).5206.0 - Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2015. Austrade.gov.au. (2016).Growth - Why Australia - For international investors - Austrade. Balassa, B., 2013.The Theory of Economic Integration (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Borio, C., 2014. The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, pp.182-198. Coale, A.J. and Hoover, E.M., 2015.Population growth and economic development. Princeton University Press. Databank.worldbank.org. (2016).World Development Indicators| World DataBank. Egerer, M., Langmantel, E. and Zimmer, M., 2016. Gross Domestic Product. InRegional Assessment of Global Change Impacts(pp. 147-152). Springer International Publishing. Fraser, P., Macdonald, G.A. and Mullineux, A.W., 2014. Regional monetary policy: An Australian perspective.Regional Studies,48(8), pp.1419-1433. Gandolfo, G., 2013.International Economics II: International Monetary Theory and Open-Economy Macroeconomics. Springer Science Business Media. Glynn, J. (2016).Australian Recession Fears Ease as Growth Accelerates. Goodwin, N., Nelson, J., Harris, J., Torras, M. and Roach, B., 2013.Macroeconomics in context. ME Sharpe. Konchitchki, Y. and Patatoukas, P.N., 2014. Accounting earnings and gross domestic product.Journal of Accounting and Economics,57(1), pp.76-88. Liu, B. and Di Iorio, A., 2016. Does idiosyncratic volatility predict future growth of the Australian economy?.Studies in Economics and Finance,33(1), pp.69-90. Madsen, M.O. and Olesen, F. eds., 2016.Macroeconomics After the Financial Crisis: A Post-Keynesian Perspective.

Demand For Chocolate Creates Shortage

Question : (1)Assume that chocolate operate in a perfectly competitive market, use a well-labelled demand and supply (D-S) model to explain how market equilibrium price of chocolate is being determined. Please clearly explain the equilibrating process. (2)Using the D-S model, explain and illustrate what factors have caused the market price for chocolate to rise in the past two years. Clearly explain the equilibrating process. (3)What will happen to the market for other confectionaries/sweets as a result of the changes in the market price of chocolate? Make sure to use D-S model to discuss the equilibrating process. (4)Do you think the demand for chocolate is price elastic or price inelastic? Explain your answer based on the determinants of price elasticity of demand. Use your answer to discuss the likely impact of the drought on consumers total expenditure on chocolate. Answer : (1) Under Perfect Competition no single firm or single consumer can influence the price of the chocolate because of its negligible share in total supply or total demand of industry. However, price is determined by the collective action of all firms in the industry through the supply curve of the industry and the collective action of all the consumers through the industrys demand curve. Thus, short-run equilibrium price and quantity is determined by the interaction of market demand and market supply(Hall", 2014) The demand curve DD represents the aggregate demand of the industry for chocolate, and the supply curve SS represents the total supply of chocolate of the industry(WEXLER, 2014)Industry is in equilibrium at E where the total market demand for chocolate is equal to total market supply for chocolate. The equilibrium price is OP and equilibrium quantity is OQ. If price is above OP, say OP1, there is excess supply of chocolate which pulls down the price again to OP. On the other hand, if price is below OP, say OP2, there is excess demand for chocolate. As a result price would rise till it reaches the level of OP. At equilibrium E, there is neither excess supply nor excess demand and, therefore, the price has neither a tendency to fall nor a tendency to rise.(SULLIVAN, 2014) (2)The factors that contribute in the growth of the market price of the chocolate in last two years are as follows: -Increase in demand for the chocolate: the demand for the chocolate is much more in comparison to supply of the chocolate in the market which causes an upward push in the market price of the chocolate.(Wood, 2014) -Consumer taste and preferences: The level of market price for chocolate is also influenced by customer taste and preferences. Taste and preferences depends on social customs, habit of people, etc. Some of these factors like fashion keep on changing, leading to change in consumer taste and preferences. A favorable change in taste and preference of the consumer for chocolate increases its demand in the market, which ultimately leads to an increase in the price if the chocolate.(GASPARRO, 2012) -Decrease in supply: There is an upward trend in the price of the chocolate because of shortage in supply of the chocolate to meet its demand in the market. When the supply of the product is more than its demand, price decreases, whereas where the supply of the product is less than its demand, price increases.(Wells, 2013) One of the major cause for the increase in the price for chocolate is the increase in its demand in the market. The effect of change in demand is explained below: If supply remains constant, shift of demand curves i.e. change in the demand will result in the change in equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity. The effect of shift in demand curve on the equilibrium price can be illustrated with the help of a diagram In the diagram 1.2, D0D0 and SS are the initial demand and supply curves respectively. E0 is the equilibrium corresponding to the point of intersection of demand and supply curves. OP0 is the initial equilibrium price and OQ0 is the initial equilibrium quantity. Now, as a result of increase in demand, the demand curve shifts to the right from D0D0 to D1D1. At the original price OP0, quantity demanded now will be OQ3, but the quantity supplied will remain at OQ0. In other words, this will lead to excess demand to the extent of Q0Q3. This would exert an upward pressure on the prices as explained above. The price would continue to rise till it reaches OP1 where demand and supply will be equal to each other once again. Intersection of D1D1 with SS will give us the new equilibrium at E1, and OP1 and OQ1 will be the new equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity respectively. Thus, an increase in demand for a commodity i.e. a rightward shift in demand curve, causes an increase in both equi librium price and equilibrium quantity bought and sold. (3)The market for other confectionaries/sweets as a result of the changes in the market price of chocolates depends on the movement in the market price for the chocolate i.e. whether it is in upward direction or downward direction.(Morris, 2014) If the price of chocolate increases then the market for those sweets and confectionaries whose prices are lower in comparison to the price of chocolate and that can be substituted in place of chocolate increases, whereas the market for those sweets and confectionaries which are used as a complementary good with chocolate decreases.(Shah, 2003) The response of the market of other sweets/confectionaries depend on two situation: (a) Equilibrium Price of chocolate increases- When the relative increase in demand for chocolate is greater than its supply, the equilibrium price rises. From Fig. 1.3, it is clear that demand increases in larger proportion than the supply. Equilibrium is at E1 corresponding to the intersection of D1D1 with S1S1. Hence, price increases to OP1 and quantity to OQ1. Hence, when demand of chocolate increases more than its supply, price for the chocolate will rise which may indirectly lead to an increase in the market for those sweets/ confectionaries that can be used as a substitute in place of chocolate.(Hameed, 2009) (b) Equilibrium Price of chocolate decreases-When the relative increase in demand is smaller than the increase in supply, the equilibrium price falls. In fig. 1.4, supply for chocolate increases in a larger proportion than its demand. Equilibrium shifts from E to E1. Consequently, equilibrium price falls from OP to OP1, but equilibrium quantity increases from OQ to OQ1. Thus, when supply increases more than demand, the price for chocolate falls which causes an increase in its demand and indirectly reduces the market for other confectionaries/sweets which are used as a substitute in place of chocolate and increases the market for those sweets/confectionaries which are used as a complementary good with the chocolate. The demand for chocolate in the market is price elastic. A fall in the price for chocolate increases its demand in the market and vice-versa. The determinants for price elasticity of demand are as follows: 1. Availability of substitutes- The most important determinant of the price elasticity of demand is the number and kind of substitutes available for a commodity(Kazemi, 2010). If commodity i.e. chocolate has many close substitutes then its demand is likely to be more elastic. Even a small fall in price will induce more people to buy the chocolate rather than its substitutes. 2. Nature of the commodity-Demand for luxury items or victim that serves the comfort pleasure of the consumer tend to be more elastic than the demand for those goods which serve the basic needs of the consumer. And chocolate serves the comfort pleasure of the consumer.(DATAMONITOR, 2006) 3. The number of uses of a commodity- The greater the number of uses to which a commodity can be put to, the greater will be its price elasticity of demand and vice-versa. Chocolate can be used by the consumer as a main product or co-product in multiple uses.(Pearson, 2014) 4. Price Range- Price elasticity of demand depends upon the range of prices. Demand for a commodity tends to be inelastic at a very high price of the commodity and even it is inelastic at a very low price of the commodity, but is elastic within the moderate range in the price of the commodity. The prices of chocolates are neither too high nor too low thus the demand for chocolate is elastic.(Andreyeva, 2012) In the situation of drought, consumer behaves in an abnormal manner, they buy the commodity even at a very high price. Thus, in case of drought, even at a very high price of the chocolate consumers are ready to purchase them, thus causing an increase in the total expenditure of the consumer. The below given table shows how the total expenditure increases with the increase in the price of chocolate in the situation of drought.(Schatzker, 2014) Price of the chocolate (P) Quantity demanded (Q) in pieces Total Expenditure (P*Q) 50 10 500 70 15 1050 References: Andreyeva, T. (2012). The Impact of Food Prices on Consumption. PMC , 1-3. DATAMONITOR. (2006). CONFECTIONERY: Chinas Sweet Tooth Grows. Asia Food Journal , 1. GASPARRO, A. (2012). People Love Chocolate At Any Price. Money Beat , 1. Hall", ". (2014). demand for chocolate in perefectly competitive market. Business studies , 685. Hameed, A. A. (2009). Supply and Demand Model for the. MPRA , 1-20. Kazemi, F. (2010). A Case Study of Chocolate Industry . International Journal of Business and Management , 1-5. Morris, J. A. (2014). The trend that could transform the chocolate industry. KPMG , 1-20. Pearson. (2014). price elasticity of demand. the sloman economics , 1. Schatzker, M. (2014). Chocolate imperiled by drought, disease as demand rises. The State journal , 1. Shah, A. (2003). change in the equilibrium price. Global Issue , 1. SULLIVAN, K. (2014). Dark chocolate demand causes cocoa shortage. The Exponent , 1. Wells, E. E. (2013). Shortage of cocoa beans may lead to price increase. The Journal , 1. WEXLER, A. (2014). demand for chocolate. Wall street Journal , 1. Wood, P. (2014). Inflation, cocoa bean shortage spur rise in chocolate prices. Auburn , 1.